PHIL 347N Final Exam

May 30, | nursing, med, NURS, Paper

PHIL 347N Final Exam
 PHIL 347N Final Exam | Complete Solution
(TCOs 1, 2) Determine whether the following passage is an argument.
Mark is the newest member of the requisitions department. The requisitions department oversees the purchasing of all goods, services, and capital equipment for the entire company. (Points : 5)
Argument
Not an argument because there are no claims or only one claim
Not an argument because none of the claims offers a reason for the other
Not an argument because the reasons explain rather than prove the other claims
Question 2.
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2. (TCOs 1, 2) Determine whether the following passage is an argument.
Either you are planning to vote in the fall election or you donât really want to improve the politics of the local community. (Points : 5) PHIL 347N Final Exam
Argument
Not an argument because there are no claims or only one claim
Not an argument because none of the claims offers a reason for the other
Not an argument because the reasons explain rather than prove the other claims
Question 3.
3. (TCOs 2, 3) Choose the best answer.
Donât drive over the speed limit. Itâs against the law. You donât want a speeding ticket.
Which of the following claims represents the conclusion of this argument? (Points : 5)
Driving over the speed limit is against the law.
You donât want a speeding ticket.
You should not drive over the speed limit.
Question 4.
4. (TCOs 2, 3) Choose the best answer.
Healthy. Delicious. Drink Ovaltine!
Which of the following claims represents the implied conclusion of this argument? (Points : 5) PHIL 347N Final Exam
Ovaltine is healthy.
Ovaltine is delicious
You should drink Ovaltine.
None; this is not an argument.
Question 5.
5. (TCOs 3, 4) Identify the kind of argument.
Since all Ford Mustangs are automobiles, and not all Ford Mustangs are red, some automobiles are not red. (Points : 5)
Causal argument
Categorical argument
Inductive generalization
Analogical argument
Question 6.
6. (TCOs 3, 4) Identify the kind of argument.
Using a lemon when cooking is like using a lime. Given that limes can be added to bland foods to give them some zest, lemons, too, will give zest to bland foods. (Points : 5)
Analogical argument
Categorical argument
Truth-functional argument
Causal argument
Question 7.
7. (TCO 3, 4) Identify the kind of argument.
Learning to think critically is like learning to play the piano. Given that you have to practice a lot to be good at playing the piano, you must practice a lot to be a critical thinker. (Points : 5)
Causal argument
Truth-functional argument
Inductive generalization
Analogical argument
Question 8.
8. (TCOs 2, 3, 5) Relate to the proper terminology.
What evaluative language should you use for analogical arguments? (Points : 5)
Valid/invalid; cogent/uncogent
Valid/invalid; sound/unsound
Strong/weak; cogent/uncogent
Strong/weak; sound/unsound
Question 9.
9. (TCOs 2, 3, 5) Relate to the proper terminology.
What evaluative language should you use for truth-functional arguments? (Points : 5)
Valid/invalid; cogent/uncogent
Valid/invalid; sound/unsound
Strong/weak; cogent/uncogent
Strong/weak; sound/unsound
Question 10.
10. (TCO 4) Select the answer that represents the proper standard form for the following statement.
The bill should be paid by whoever bought the item. (Points : 5)
All people who bought the items are not people who should pay the bill.
All people who pay the bill are people who bought the item.
All people who bought the item are people who should pay the bill.
Question 11.
11. (TCO 4) Select the answer that represents the proper standard form for the following statement.
Some sports cars are red. (Points : 5)
No red things are sports cars.
Some sports cars are red things.
All sports cars are red things.
Question 12.
12. (21. (TCO 4) Select the answer that represents the proper standard form for the following statement.
If you want to be a nursing major, then you must take an anatomy class. (Points : 5) PHIL 347N Final Exam
Valid/invalid; cogent/uncogent
Valid/invalid; sound/unsound
All people who want to be nursing majors are people who must take an anatomy class.
Strong/weak; sound/unsound
Question 13.
13. (TCO 4) Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
You cannot enter the chess tournament (C) unless you are ranked (R). (Points : 5)
R ⢠~ C
C > R
~ C > R
~ R > ~ C
Question 14.
14. (TCO 4) Choose the correct translation for each of the following compound claims.
Small-scale agriculture will be profitable (P) and growers will get subsidies (S) only if demand (D) for local food does not decrease. (Points : 5)
~ [D > (P ⢠S)]
(P ⢠S) > ~ D
~ D > (P ⢠S)
P ⢠(S > ~ D)
Question 15.
15. (TCOs 3, 5) Which inductive generalization is stronger? (Points : 5)
Our universityâs womenâs basketball team has won its last three games. Thus, it seems obvious that the team will repeat as champions this year.
Our universityâs womenâs basketball team has won its last six games. Thus, it seems obvious that the team will repeat as champions this year. PHIL 347N Final Exam
Question 16.
16. (TCOs 3, 5) Which analogical argument is stronger? (Points : 5)
Grease, oil, road tar, and paint thinner are all flammable. Thus, paint thinner is a refined product because grease, oil, and road tar are refined products.
Grease, oil, and paint thinner are all flammable. Thus, paint thinner is a refined product since grease and oil are refined products.
Question 17.
17. (TCOs 3, 5) Which causal argument is stronger? (Points : 5)
The population of frogs in three California counties has declined dramatically in the last decade. Loss of habitat must be the cause because increased demand for housing has eliminated more than half of the available wetlands in all three counties, and this appears to be the only factor all three have in common.
The population of frogs in three California counties has declined dramatically in the last decade. Loss of habitat must be the cause because increased demand for housing has eliminated more than half of the available wetlands in all three counties, and this appears to be the only factor all three have in common. Only one county is rural, and only two counties have experienced an increase in frog predators.
Question 18.
18. (TCO 6) Identify the fallacy.
The Chinese government should encourage freedom of speech because doing so would be a good idea. (Points : 5)
Begging the question
Appeal to ignorance
Strawman
No fallacy committed
Question 19.
19. (TCO 6) Identify the fallacy.
Has anyone ever proven that soccer players would be protected from head injuries if they wore some kind of helmet? Then it must be true that helmets are unnecessary in soccer. (Points : 5) PHIL 347N Final Exam
Ad hominem
Appeal to ignorance
Strawman
Begging the question
Question 20.
20. (TCO 6) Identify the fallacy.
Mr. Banks cancels meetings at the last minute for no reason at all. At the meetings he does not cancel, he has lately been showing up smelling of alcohol. Now he cannot account for the disappearance of over 700 dollars raised last year. Clearly, it is inappropriate to keep him on as scout leader. (Points : 5)
Appeal to ignorance
Red herring
No fallacy committed
Ad hominem PHIL 347N Final Exam

NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues

May 30, | nursing, med, NURS, Paper

NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues
NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues
Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues

Quite often, nurse leaders are faced with ethical dilemmas, such as those associated with choices between competing needs and limited resources. Resources are finite, and competition for those resources occurs daily in all organizations.
For example, the use of 12-hour shifts has been a strategy to retain nurses. However, evidence suggests that as nurses work more hours in a shift, they commit more errors. How do effective leaders find a balance between the needs of the organization and the needs of ensuring quality, effective, and safe patient care?
In this Discussion, you will reflect on a national healthcare issue and examine how competing needs may impact the development of polices to address that issue. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues
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To Prepare:
Review the Resources and think about the national healthcare issue/stressor you previously selected for study in Module 1.

Reflect on the competing needs in healthcare delivery as they pertain to the national healthcare issue/stressor you previously examined.

By Day 3 of Week 3

Post an explanation of how competing needs, such as the needs of the workforce, resources, and patients, may impact the development of policy. Then, describe any specific competing needs that may impact the national healthcare issue/stressor you selected. What are the impacts, and how might policy address these competing needs? Be specific and provide examples. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues
 
Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues
How competing needs may impact the development of a policy
Competing needs, such as the needs of patients, workforce, and resources may impact the development of a policy because the competing needs should align with the agenda that policy is advocating for.   For example, a policy addressing adequate nurse staffing is required to meet the patient and workforce needs while minimizing financial cost.  According to Lopez et al (2015), .the effective utilization and deployment of the workforce are of great importance to ensure efficient delivery of healthcare services in terms of quantity, quality, and cost.
Failure effectively deploys and utilizing the workforce to do so might lead to a shortage or oversupply of clinical staff. For example, an oversupply of clinical staff might result in economic inefficiencies along with misallocated resources under the guise of adequate staffing. The shortage of staff is connected with numerous negative impacts, including lower quality and quantity of care because there are few resources to offer the essential services; work overload of the available nurses leading to burnout, eventually compromising patient safety; and longer waiting times as a result of inadequate staff leading to preventable patient deaths (Lopez et al, 2015).
Specific competing needs that may impact workload
A good fit between nursing staff and patients’ needs are specific competing needs that may impact workload as a national healthcare issue Organizations are exploring schemes of ensuring a good balance amid nursing staff expertise and size and patient needs so as to ensure quality and safe care along with outstanding services to patients while ensuring operating costs are sustainable (van den Oetelaar et al, 2016).
van den Oetelaar et al (2016) claim that nursing capacity should be optimally matched to the needs of patients which is achievable through a sensible and fair distribution of nurses in units, leading to a workload that is equally distributed and manageable for the nursing staff. This necessitates a good balance between nursing staff and patients’ needs. One scheme of ensuring an appropriate balance is the managing workload for nursing staff. This assists balance the needed resources with the available resources, which in turn averts additional costs for overstaffing a unit and averts a decline in employee engagement or patient experiences by understaffing a unit. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues
The impacts and how policy might address these competing needs
Workload has an impact on both patient and staff needs as well as an organization’s resources.  High causes burnout which leads to errors and poor patient outcomes. High workload also has an impact on nurse job dissatisfaction and burnout, and the intention of nurses to leave. High nursing staff turnover resulting in increased costs for using temporary employees or training new nurses (van den Oetelaar et al, 2016).
A policy might address these competing needs by ensuring an optimal nurse to patient ratio which can improve nurse staffing in organizations and improved care outcomes for patients. The policy can outline a particular nurse to patient ratio depending on the type of unit within a healthcare facility.  For instance, the ratio for a surgical and medical unit can be 5: 1, meaning one nurse will be assigned to five patients at most, while in the intensive unit ratio can be 2:1.  As suggested by Livanos (2015), having a staffing policy in a facility can improve the working conditions for the nursing staff as well as the superiority and safety of care.  In turn, costs of adhering to the ratios can be offset by, less need for training new nurses or temporary nurses and reduced turnover of the nursing staff. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues
 
References
Livanos, N. (2018). A Broadening Coalition: Patient Safety Enters the Nurse-To-Patient Ration Debate. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 9(1), 68-70.
Lopes, M., Almeida, A., & Almada-Lobo, B. (2015). Handling healthcare workforce planning with care: where do we stand? Human Resources for Health13:38.
van den Oetelaar, van Stel, H., Van Rhenen W, et al. (2016).  Balancing nurses’ workload in hospital wards: study protocol of developing a method to manage workload. BMJ Open, 6 (11), e012148. NURS 6053 week 3 Discussion: Organizational Policies and Practices to Support Healthcare Issues