Endocrine Pharmacology

Endocrine Pharmacology

Unit 4: Endocrine Pharmacology

Exam 1 Due this Week!
Exam 1 Due this Week!

Exam 1 will be available Thursday 10/6 – Saturday 10/8, please plan accordingly to complete the exam during this timeframe.

Study Guide Exam 1 Advanced Pharmacology

Understand pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Be aware how medications are absorbed and what are factors or variables in drug absorption
Know pregnancy risk categories
Understand CYP 384 isoenzymes for metabolism
Understand drug steady state
Understand the following drug classes ace inhibitors mechanism of action and side effects, beta blockers mechanism of action and side effects, pacer dilators mechanism of action and potential side effects
Anti-hypertensive medication mechanism of action, side effects, and precautions
Heart failure-drugs used to treat
Angina and drugs used to treat
Aspirin therapy
Be knowledgeable of the medications to treat hyperlipidemia, know side effects, when to check labs and what labs to check for follow up
Anticoagulation medication mechanism of action, side effects, and precautions

Enter the exam through Respondus and navigate to the tab titled “Exams” to access Exam 1.

Endocrine Pharmacology
Endocrine Pharmacology

Welcome to Unit 4 of Advanced Pharmacology
The endocrine system is vast, and drugs used to treat disorders are numerous as well. Drug classes categorize the mechanism of actions and the subtle differences between in-class drugs. As 1 in 10 Americans has Diabetes, this is important disease management to understand and there are many pharmacologic choice for management to avoid long-term complications. Therefore, a strong understanding of pathophysiology is critical as we examine how these drug work to treat endocrine disorders.
*Please note this unit runs over 2 weeks.*
Unit Learning Objectives

Examine the principles of pathophysiology and therapeutics that direct the pharmacotherapeutic interventions for endocrine system and pertaining to diabetes management.
Analyze the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of agents used for management of endocrine system and diabetes management.
Apply the evidence for pharmacotherapeutic interventions in a patient with an endocrine system and diabetes management.
Apply critical-thinking processes to the management and evaluation of expected effects and potential adverse effects of pharmacodynamic agents.

Week 5 & 6/Unit 4 “To Do” List

Complete the HYMR Endocrine Quiz (week 5)
Unit 1-3 Exam available Thursday 9/29 – Saturday 10/1 (Must access via Respondus) (week 5)
Complete Shadow Health Focused Exam: HTN and Type 2 Diabetes (week 6)
Complete Shadow Health Antidiabetics Concept Lab (week 6)

Learning Materials
Learning Materials

Lectures & E-Book

Busti, A. J. (2022). NP Curriculum Support-Advanced Pharmacology for NPs. MedEducation, LLC.

ENDOCRINE PHARMACOLOGY (Week 5 & covers quiz content)

Insulin Therapy Review
Sulfonylurea & Meglitinides Review
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors Review
Biguanides (Metformin) Review
TZDs Review
DPP-4 Inhibitors Review
SGLT2 Inhibitors Review
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Review
Amylin Analogs Review
Hypoglycemia
Corticosteroids Review–Pharmacology
Corticosteroids Review–Application

 ENDOCRINOLOGY-DIABETES MELLITUS (Week 6 & not on quiz) 

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
GLP-1 Agonists & SGLT2 Inhibitors in CKD
GLP-1 Agonists & SGLT2 Inhibitors in CVD
GLP-1 Agonists & SGLT2 Inhibitors in hF
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)

ENDOCRINOLOGY-OBESITY (Week 6 & not on quiz)

Obesity-General Overview
Obesity-Lifestyle Management
Obesity-Obesity in CVD

Optional Learning Resources:
Media

Khan Academy (Producer). (2015). What is diabetes mellitus? [Video]. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/endocrine-system-diseases/diabetes/v/what-is-diabetes-mellitus?ref=health_staff_picks
Speed Pharmacology. (2017, September 24). Pharmacology – drugs for diabetes (made easy). [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWDQyaKVols

Websites

American Diabetes Association®. (2020). Get a handle on diabetes medication. Retrieved from https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/medication-management
Khan Academy. (2018). Endocrine system diseases. Retrieved from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/endocrine-system-diseases
The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. (2018). Retrieved from https://pro.aace.com/

Note: Familiarize yourself with the AACE guidelines.

HYMR Quiz – Endocrine

Following review of all assigned lectures and correlating E-book chapters in High Yield Med Review, you will complete the module quiz in the HYMR platform.

From the Dashboard select “EXAMS”
Navigate to the “Endocrinology-Self Assessment” 
Click “Take Exam”

You will have  one attempt to complete 10 questions in 15 minutes. Once completed, please take a screen shot of your score and upload to this assignment tab for grading. This quiz is worth 20 points, so based on your % score you will receive the correlating points below.

100%
20 points

90%
18 points

80%
16 points

70%
14 points

60%
12 points

50%
10 points

40%
8 points

30%
6 points

20%
4 points

10%
2 points

No submission
0 points

*Please note, faculty are able to view your time and activity in HYMR.*

Shadow Health: Concept Lab – Antidiabetics

The purpose of this Shadow Health Concept Lab assignment is to help you achieve the following  Course Learning Outcomes 1-5.
Assignment:
This week you will participate in a Shadow Health Concept Lab pertaining to antidiabetic agents.This will allow you to learn about pharmacological concepts related to commonly administered antidiabetic drugs. This module should take approximately 30 minutes to complete.

What to Submit:
Upon completion of the assignment:

Submit your completion certificate
Submit your reflection response to the questions below

Reflection Response Instructions: Submit a 1 page reflection response to the questions below. Please use APA format and include one scholarly reference.

What resources/guidelines will you use to help identify, diagnose, and treat diabetes? Give brief overview of how this will apply to your NP practice. 

Shadow Health Technical Support
If at any time you have any questions or encounter any technical issues regarding the Digital Clinical Experience, please contact the Shadow Health support specialists by visiting the Learner Support Page at   http://support.shadowhealth.com for contact information and hours. You may email the Learner Support team directly at   [email protected] at any time or by calling 800.860.3241.

Shadow Health: Focused Exam: Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes

The purpose of this Shadow Health Focused Exam assignment is to help you achieve Course Learning Outcomes 1-5.

Assignment:
This assignment is a focused exam with a patient who presents with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. You will conduct an interview with Arun Patel using therapeutic communication to determine the appropriate pharmacological therapy for his condition. After the exam, you will select the most appropriate medication for Mr. Patel and educate him on disease management and pharmacologic management. If applicable, you will write a prescription for the selected medication.
What to Submit:
Upon completion of the assignment, submit your completion certificate/lab pass that shows the DCE score to this assignment link..

Shadow Health Grading
All assignments will be graded using the DCE Score. Reopening and multiple attempts are allowed so the student can submit the best score for grading. Each student will submit the “lab pass” showing their DCE score to the designated assignment tab in Blackboard. Grading will be based on the DCE score received on the assignment that correlates with the points allocated in the table below. An incomplete assignment will result in the grade of zero. Faculty will monitor student engagement within the Shadow Health platform to ensure active participation to complete all the assignment requirements.

DCE Score

Points

95-100

20

90-94

18

85-89

15

80-84

13

Below 79

10

No submission

0

Login page: “Shadow Health Access” link on left panel

Assignment Due Date: Sunday of Week 6

Shadow Health Technical Support
If at any time you have any questions or encounter any technical issues regarding the Digital Clinical Experience, please contact the Shadow Health support specialists by visiting the Learner Support Page at    http://support.shadowhealth.com for contact information and hours. You may email the Learner Support team directly at    [email protected] at any time or by calling 800.860.3241.

Unit Conclusion
Unit Conclusion

As we wrap up week 6 of Advanced Pharmacology, we recall learning about numerous drugs impacting the endocrine system and diabetes management. We now have lots of experiences understanding drug classes to categorize the mechanisms of actions and subtle differences between in-class drugs. We will continue to focus on building upon our pharmacology knowledge.


Discussion: Networking Opportunities

Discussion: Networking Opportunities
Discussion: Networking Opportunities Introduction
My name is xxxx. I am a native of xxx. I have been living in America with my family for the past eleven years. This year in May mark my five years of becoming a nurse. I love my being a nurse, and I find so much happiness and passion in it. I have worked in various settings in the last five years, and I have enjoyed taking care of every kind of population. I want to learn more in-depth about the disease process and medications with advanced degrees and training. Hence the Family Nurse Practitioner is something that incorporates all my clinical experiences at an advanced level.
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My Goals and University Vision and Mission 
 As a nurse, I think it is important to have a career goal to progress and succeed. According to the American Nurses Association’s (ANA) 2015 Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, it is the nurse’s responsibility to maintain competence and incorporate fundamental values and duties beyond individual patient interactions to practice within an ever-changing healthcare environment. Nursing requires ongoing training and education, and there are many specialties in healthcare to learn and grow. Discussion: Networking Opportunities
My ultimate goal is to become a Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP). I looked into several universities to obtain my degree in Family Nurse Practitioner. Among all the universities, I found Walden University to be one that meets my career goal. According to Walden University (WU) of Nursing’s vision statement, the degrees offer diverse specialization and an opportunity for growth (University, Vision, Mission, and Goals, 2020). From WU’s vision statement, the degree from them will be useful and relevant to help the graduate try to solve society’s problems around the world. Discussion: Networking Opportunities
 Our country is very diverse, and we are increasingly getting patients from all different religious backgrounds. Walden University’s (2020) mission is to “provide a diverse community of career professionals with the opportunity to transform themselves as scholar-practitioners so that they can effect positive social change.” I want to be able to provide essential care with mutual respect and evidence-based knowledge to all those from different backgrounds.
WU’s goals and outcomes match my academic and professional goals. Upon completing the program, I hope to have a deeper understanding of nursing theories and emphasize ethical and critical decision-making skills.
I hope to learn to apply my leadership skills in the provision of high-quality nursing care.
Incorporation of Social Change 
WU wants its graduates to obtain knowledge and skills that will help them make the world a better place. Professional nursing is defined as “the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations” (Epstein, B., Turner, M. 2015). For me, nursing is the holistic care of all kinds of patients, regardless of their age, gender, race, and religion, in a comfortable environment with full confidentiality, right, and respect of a patient. I plan to bring positive change into practice settings, meet the patient’s unique, holistic needs, and make an incredible difference in the patient’s healthcare experience. Discussion: Networking Opportunities
Academic and professional collaboration
English is my third language. Due to the language barrier, I often struggle with academic and professional development. I will be taking advantage of Walden’s writing center and academic skills center to help to grow academically. My professional goal is to continue to work full time as a float pool nurse. Discussion: Networking Opportunities
 
References
 
Epstein, B., Turner, M., (May 31, 2015) “The Nursing Code of Ethics: Its Value, Its
History” OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/Vol-20-2015/No2-May-2015/The-Nursing-Code-of-Ethics-Its-Value-Its-History.html
 
Fowler, M. D. M. (2015). Guide to the code of ethics for nurses with interpretive 
statements: development, interpretation, and application. American Nurses Association. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.coloradomesa.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat01465a&AN=cmu.b54440063&site=eds-live&scope=site
 
Walden University. (2020). Vision, Mission, and Goals. Retrieved June 1, 2020, 
from https://catalog.waldenu.edu/content.php?catoid=172&navoid=59420
 
 
 
response
Hi xxx, in response to your comment about the need of culturally competent professionals to address our ever-changing society, I believe it’s an important component in today’s healthcare system so each patient gets the best care they deserve. There is an overwhelming evidence which suggests that providing sensitive care using patient-centered culturally sensitive care yields better outcomes for patients and the healthcare system overall, as it was published in the journal of Health Psychology. This article titled, “Patient-Centered Culturally Sensitive Health Care: Model Testing and Refinement”, presents a model to improve care for ethnically diverse patients seen in community-based primary care clinics (Tucker, Marsiske, & Rice, 2011).
Choosing Walden’s university was the right step toward your goal, becoming FNP. As you’ve mentioned, graduating to a diverse society requires professionals equipped with a new set of skills. Discussion: Networking Opportunities. As we all know, America’s diversity will continue growing each year and the health disparities will grow along with it, as predicted. However, if nurses and other healthcare providers take action in culturally and socially competent ways, then health disparities may be “altered, and the mandate to reduce and ultimately eliminate disparities may be realized sooner” (Giger et al, 2007). I look forward collaborating with you!
References
Giger, Joyce & Davidhizar, Ruth & Purnell, Larry & Harden, J & Phillips, Janice & Strickland, Ora. (2007). American Academy of Nursing Expert Panel Report. Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society / Transcultural Nursing Society. 18. 95-102. 10.1177/1043659606298618.
Tucker, C. M., Marsiske, M., Rice, K. G., Nielson, J. J., & Herman, K. (2011). Patient-centered culturally sensitive health care: model testing and refinement. Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 30(3), 342–350. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022967
 
Discussion: Networking Opportunities
In this module, you begin laying the foundation for your academic and professional success. Your efforts begin with a vision that includes your own definition of success. Your vision may vary from those of your colleagues, but this does not mean you have to take these first steps alone.
Walden University and the College of Nursing also have a vision and mission, which include helping you to make your own vision a reality. Members of your new academic community, such as faculty, support teams, and fellow students, can also be helpful. Current practitioners and other member of the professional community can also help you to clarify your vision.
This Module’s Discussion asks you to consider how the Walden mission and vision as well as the College of Nursing’s mission and vision apply to your professional and academic goals. You will also begin to identify individuals and teams who can help you along the way as you begin designing the “blueprint”—your Academic Success and Professional Development Plan—that will guide you toward your own vision for academic and professional success.
To Prepare:

Review the Walden and College of Nursing mission and vision statements, Walden’s goals and University Outcomes, and the MSN Program Learning Outcomes presented in this Module’s Learning Resources.
Reflect on your professional and academic goals as they relate to your program/specialization.
Consider how the information in these resources fit with your own goals and to your becoming a scholar-practitioner.
Also consider academic and professional individuals and teams with whom you may collaborate in support of your efforts as a student at the university and as a professional within your organization and career. Discussion: Networking Opportunities

By Day 3 of Week 1
Post a brief introduction of yourself to your colleagues. Include an explanation as to how Walden’s vision, mission, goals, and social change initiatives relate to your professional and academic goals and to your becoming a scholar-practitioner. Also include an explanation for how the Walden MSN Program Outcomes and perspectives relate to your professional and academic goals and to your becoming a scholar-practitioner.
By Day 6 of Week 1
Respond to at least two of your colleagues’ posts by suggesting additional individuals and/or teams with whom you wish to collaborate or by offering additional networking strategies.
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Hello my name is xxx and I am enrolled in the Post Masters Psychiatric NP program.  I reside in Virginia Beach Virginia and I am a traveling nurse.  I enrolled in the Post Master Psychiatric program in hopes to  address and identify problems and challenges within communities.
Walden University was founded on the platform and need for social change in the community by expanding access to higher education. The mission of the University is to provide a diverse community of career professionals with the opportunity to transform themselves as scholar- practitioners to effect positive social change (Walden University, 2020). Discussion: Networking Opportunities This is especially significant to me as I am on the path to becoming a psychiatric nurse practitioner, and I understand the need for knowledgeable and skilled practitioners to practice in the community and effect change. Through the program at Walden, I expect that I will be equipped with the skills that will enable me translate research and knowledge into practice, to address the issues affecting the psychiatric patients in the community. This is also in line with the vision of the University where the aim is to ensure that the knowledge gained can be applied by the graduates to address key issues in the society (Walden University, 2020) Discussion: Networking Opportunities. As a graduate psychiatric nurse practitioner, I expect that with the combination of the knowledge and skills gained, I will be able to identify challenges in the community and apply the same to develop solutions (Kverno, 2016). I also expect that I will be able to improve practice by applying knowledge based on the context and needs of the patients to advance social change and improve patient outcomes.
The Walden MSN program outcomes have a focus on meeting the demand for mental health providers who are equipped with advanced skills and practicum training for the provision of care. Through these, I will be able to meet my professional and academic goals by becoming knowledgeable and equipped in the use of evidence based practice in the provision of care. This will require me to be able to engage in and utilize research in my practice to identify new output and interventions that have been identified through research, and apply them to my clinical context while considering the needs of the patient (Kverno, 2016). Through this, I will be on the way to becoming a scholar practitioner by translating evidence into practice to ensure improved patient outcomes. Discussion: Networking Opportunities
References
Kverno, K. (2016). Promoting access through integrated mental health care education. The Open Nursing Journal, 10, 73.
Walden University. (2020). About Walden. Retrieved from: https://www.waldenu.edu/about Discussion: Networking Opportunities


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