May 30, | nursing, med, NURS, Paper
PSYC 6717 Philosophical Assumptions Discussion
PSYC 6717 Philosophical Assumptions Discussion
The study of applied behavior analysis is undergirded by a common set of philosophical tenants. Determinism is one of these. It is a belief that all behaviors occur as a result of preceding causes. Much of the early behavioral theory emerged from this philosophical position. For example, in his work Setting the Stages for Behaviorism’s Social Action Legacy (1913), B.F. Watson argued that environment is the single most influential factor that determines one’s behavior. Watson’s belief was that the preexisting conditions of environment was a greater influence on behavior that even one’s s genetics or temperament. Watson’s contemporaries, Skinner, and others shared these beliefs. Skinner promoted that all behaviors occur as a result of determined reinforcement contingencies (Brent, D. Slife, Yanchar, & Williams, 1999) PSYC 6717 Philosophical Assumptions Discussion.
In terms of the applicability of determinism to the study of human behavior, determinism is a predicate of operant conditioning. Similar to early deterministic views, this approach to behavior is based on a casual relationship between an antecedent or existing condition exists to which a stimulus is introduced to change a behavior.
Another philosophical underpinning of behavior analysis is empiricism. Empiricism is objective observation and drawing inferences from data that can be collected, recorded, measured, and analyzed from these observations (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2020). It is a scientific approach to understanding human behavior and its consequences.
In terms of its applicability to the study of behavior, it aligns with the assertion that human behavior is a phenomenon that can be observed. Empiricism can be applied to behavior by observing, recording, and drawing inference from the behavioral manifestations of what one is thinking, feeling, and experiencing PSYC 6717 Philosophical Assumptions Discussion.
References
Brent, D. Slife, S. Yanchar. C. & Williams, B. (1999). Conceptions of Determinism in Radical Behaviorism: A Taxonomy. Behavior and Philosophy 27, (2), 75-96.
Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.
Watson, J. (1913). Setting the Stages for Behaviorism’s Social Action Legacy. Retrieved from http://rmac-mx.org/john-b-watsons-1913-behaviorist-manifestosetting-the-stage-for-behaviorisms-social-action-legacy/ PSYC 6717 Philosophical Assumptions Discussion
Discussion: Philosophical Assumptions
Photo Credit: esoxx – stock.adobe.com
The behavior of the scientists of applied behavior analysis is characterized by a set of philosophical assumptions and attitudes of science. They guide the work of the behavior analyst, including their investigations, strategic approaches, and interpretations of findings.
For this Discussion, you will analyze six assumptions and attitudes of behavior analysis discussed in the Learning Resources—determinism, empiricism, experimentation, replication, parsimony, and philosophic doubt. You will also consider examples of how the assumptions apply to the study of behavior.
To Prepare
Review the Learning Resources for this week as well as the required weekly media program to gain an understanding of the philosophical assumptions that inform the practice of behavior analysis.
Consider examples of how the philosophical assumptions apply to the study of human behavior.
Review the interactive media in the Learning Resources, “Six Assumptions or Attitudes of Behavior Analysis.”PSYC 6717 Philosophical Assumptions Discussion
By Day 4 of Week 2
The behavior of scientists, including behavior analysts, is characterized by a common set of assumptions: determinism, empiricism, experimentation, replication, parsimony, and philosophic doubt.
ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER NOW
Post two of these assumptions and give an example of how each applies to the study of human behavior.
Read your colleagues’ postings.
Note: For this discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the To Participate in this Discussion link, then select Create Thread to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!
By Day 6 of Week 2
Respond to at least two colleagues’ posts by expanding on each of their explanations of how the assumptions they identified in their examples apply to the study of human behavior.
Be sure to support your posts and responses with specific references to behavior-analytic theory and research. In addition to the Learning Resources, search the Walden Library and/or internet for peer-reviewed articles to support your posts and responses. Use proper APA format and citations, including those in the Learning Resources.
Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you have learned and/or any insights that you have gained because of your colleagues’ comments.
Parsimony considers a “simple, logical explanation for something before taking into account something much more complex or advanced” (Walden university, 2021). Philosophic doubt questions everything when it comes to understanding human behavior” (Walden university, 2021). Parsimony assumption allows room for the introduction of new material it helps to explain a behavior without over complicating it. I think accepting a simpler explanation helps behavioralist minimize assumptions about a behavior to maintain how credible they are on the matter. Philosophic doubt is utilized to leave room for new findings. It sheds light on the idea that there is always something better to keep expanding the knowledge about a specific area. Not questioning anything prevents the knowledge of a certain area from growing and it stunts the capabilities of how far the area could go PSYC 6717 Philosophical Assumptions Discussion.
References
Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.
Walden University, LLC. (2021). Six assumptions and attitudes of behavior analysis [Interactive media]. Walden University Blackboard. https://class.waldenu.edu
response
Hi xx, I agree with your assessments regarding parsimony and philosophic doubt. Not only does parsimony employ the common sense use of applying the simplest explanation as that is usually the case, it also gives professionals a standard to use across the board. Using the same idea as a starting point keeps ideas and facts organized and on task easier. As far as philosophic doubt goes, some people might think it’s easy to dismiss if we think we have concrete, undeniable proof of something. However, it’s been proven time and time again that applying philosophic doubt to scientific issues that we’ve previously thought we knew well, turned out to offer either deeper insight, or new meaning altogether (Cooper 2020). It sort of goes hand in hand with our society and technology as well, because those two areas are ever-expanding too.
Reference
Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.
Walden University, LLC. (2021). Six assumptions and attitudes of behavior analysis [Interactive media]. Walden University Blackboard. https://class.waldenu.edu PSYC 6717 Philosophical Assumptions Discussion
May 30, | nursing, med, NURS, Paper
Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper
Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper
Details: Benchmark – Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal
Students are required to maintain weekly reflective narratives throughout the course to combine into one course-long reflective journal that integrates leadership and inquiry into current practice as it applies to the Professional Capstone and Practicum course. Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper.
In your journal, you will reflect on the personal knowledge and skills gained throughout this course. The journal should address a variable combination of the following, depending on your specific practice immersion clinical experiences:
1. New practice approaches
2. Intraprofessional collaboration
3. Health care delivery and clinical systems
BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE
Place your order now, we write everything from scratch
4. Ethical considerations in health care
5. Population health concerns
6. The role of technology in improving health care outcomes
7. Health policy
8. Leadership and economic models
9. Health disparities
Students will outline what they have discovered about their professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses that surfaced, additional resources and abilities that could be introduced to a given situation to influence optimal outcomes, and finally, how the student met the competencies aligned to this course. Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper.
Students will develop a 1,250-1,500-word paper that includes the following information as it applies to the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need profiled in the capstone change proposal: Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper.
solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, you are required to retrieve and assess a minimum of 8 peer-reviewed articles. an abstract is not required, CITE WEBSITE SOURCE
Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper
Nursing Reflective Journal
Introduction
Nurses operate in settings that are characterized by challenges and complexities. The knowledge and practical experiences that I have amassed have enable me to overcome the complexities of health care systems in order to deliver services to patients and disadvantaged populations. Therefore, my experiences dealing with patients in different healthcare settings have provided me with opportunities to sharpen my professional and leadership skills. For a baccalaureate prepared nurse who anticipates working within a variety of settings, I can no longer afford to rely solely on my expertise in training, nor naïve optimism relating to collaboration and cooperation. Therefore, my learning and practical experiences have improved my ability to exercise leadership skills and contribute to the delivery of effective healthcare services to vulnerable groups. I have also been able to master the context of the healthcare system in which I provide my roles within the systemic structure of healthcare organization. Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper.
New Practice Approaches
The field of nursing has undergone major changes in the last decades. As a baccalaureate prepared nurse, I have learned to adapt to the changes in order to remain relevant in my effort to provide excellent services to patients. For instance, the continued use of evidence-based practice in nursing has been helpful to deal with health problems such as asthma, heart attack, diabetes, and obesity (Kristensen, Nymann & Konradsen, 2015). However, I have noted that such principles are not adequately embraced in care delivery and various practices abound. Within a traditional setting, patient safety studies have emphasized on evaluation of records to assess patient safety issues and to demonstrate that new practices will result in enhanced quality and patient safety. In particular, I have learned that nursing is a field that is rich with practices that recommend the use of empirical studies. Today, the nursing profession has offered major leadership for improving care through the utilization of findings in practice. Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper.
The continued use of evidence-based practice in the field of nursing has revolutionized healthcare in various ways. Institutions of higher learning are increasingly recognizing the significance of this recent trend by introducing changes to their nursing programs in order to take into account evidence-based practice. As a student who pursues a degree in nursing, course materials that focus not just on improving the nurse’s entire knowledge, but also enhancing the significance of professional transparency is important. Such initiatives stress on the need for a nurse to make informed decisions and promote the consideration of the patients’ clinical, ethnic and spiritual backgrounds in relation to their health. The continued utilization of evidence-based practice in healthcare has also resulted in renewed focus on nursing studies. Although nursing programs may be comprised of at least a single or more courses associated with research, it is the task of learners to identify the significance of improving their skills. While I have observed that conducting research is not a regular endeavor for a nurse, it is important to understand issues that are relevant to new scientific evidences because this can provide major impacts on present and future career development. One popular evidence-based framework that is extensively used is the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) patient safety framework (Titler, 2008). This framework offers a safety research portfolio to health care delivery. Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper.
Interprofessional Collaboration
Health care tasks are often complex, multifaceted and burdensome for one professional to accomplish. A single problem may require the input of many groups of people drawn from different areas of specialty. This is one of the most interesting learning experiences that I observed. The role of nursing in leading change and advancing health cannot be questioned (Sullivan et al. 2015). Therefore, a nurse must understand that no single person can perform all these functions alone. Most significantly, I have learned that interprofessional collaboration goes beyond the practical healthcare setting to include educational contexts (Sullivan et al. 2015). Contemporary healthcare institutions need sophisticated organizational systems that depend on the interrelationship and integrations of many services that are offered by various caregivers. Each of these caregivers have their respective areas of professionalism and emphasis. Interprofessional collaboration is essential for the fruitful solving of problems of improving medicine and technology, reduced resources, as well as the widening demand for healthcare services. Nurses also operate in such contexts in which multidisciplinary professional collaboration takes place not just relating to the care of individual clients, but also when it comes to provision of support to system-wide procedures and activities. Interprofessional collaboration is essential both within small units and major health companies that have big departments among experts at clinical and management areas. In a healthcare sector that is characterized by increasing demand for transparency and accountability, nurses are expected to assess the degree of standard of care that they offer. The beneficial survival of patients in a problematic and competitive world requires that healthcare institutions’ performances indicate the highest possible levels of care without having to sacrifice high costs. Interprofessional collaboration improves the possibility that good standards of care can be efficiently attained, irrespective of the costs and nature of teams that come together to address health problems. Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper.
Ethical Considerations in Healthcare
Nurses often struggle with the ethical challenges related to patient care. As a result, ethical problems and issues may arise within any healthcare circumstance in which deep moral questions of rightness or wrongness under professional decision-making and the beneficent care of patients (Ulrich et al. 2010). As a nurse, I learned the importance of understanding the ethical climate and culture of the healthcare institution that I was operating. Ethical culture can be regarded as the manner in which ethical matters and circumstances that create ethical problems or concerns are dealt with in an institution. Ethical practices in the field of nursing can be maintained by seeking consultations from ethical experts. These experts play an integral role in the development of a collection of code of ethics that contain guidelines and recommendations that can be used to respond to ethical concerns. In the event that an ethical problem occurs, it is important to conform to a good ethical climate that makes up employee perceptions on how major decisions that have ethical contents are handled, discussed, and addressed. The nurse has both individual and collective responsibility to establish, maintain, and improve the ethical environments of the practical contexts and conditions of employment that are supportive to secure, high standard health care. This responsibility enables a nurse to uphold the significance of an ethical environment where the ethical practices of nurse practitioners and other healthcare professionals is important to meet the preferences and objectives of patients and their family members. Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper.
Health Disparities
While it is the duty of the nurse to ensure that health services are accessible to all patient populations, advancing of health equity agenda has faced various challenges. For instance, there are racial-based inequalities that people face in their access to health. The perception of the US as a post racial country is inaccurate (Anderson, 2012). Therefore, two general approaches can be employed to reduce inequalities in access to health services. Health disparities emerge when certain groups of people enjoy better health services and access to health than others. This often reflects in differences in death rates among various populations that make up the United States. Disparities are mainly brought about by inequalities in people’s levels of income across the entire population. For instance, poor blacks may face the challenge of accessing better health services than middle class whites. Nurses can play a major role in examining and investigating health inequalities through a process referred to as selection. Selection can be described as the tendency that individuals have to group themselves in terms of their residential places, social gatherings, and other forms of clustering. For instance, individuals who like to engage in physical activities are most likely to reside in areas where they can walk, whereas those who like to isolate themselves or stay indoors often opt for auto-reliant estates. This plays a major role in the differences in health among members who belong to varying levels of income. For instance, those who are rich and live sedentary lifestyles are most likely to face cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes compared to their counterparts in poor neighborhoods who have to walk for long distances. This phenomenon is in some situations viewed as an explanation for academic, professional, or ethnic disparities in health. For instance, some scholars may seek to understand the interrelationships between socioeconomic status as an outcome of selection by asserting that genetically superior people are most likely to enjoy better health and high Intelligence Quotient. This suggests why most intellectuals and those who have high socioeconomic status are healthier. However, my observation is that geographical factors can play a major role in increasing health inequalities in the country. This can be viewed in terms of the contextual and compositional impacts. Contextual issues often affect a neighborhood whereas compositional factors are basically representative of the nature of people in terms o their surroundings or other contexts. For instance, in case a specialized healthcare institution attracts high number or chronically ill occupants of a particular neighborhood, the poor health status of these neighborhoods in comparison to immediate surroundings can be compositional. Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper.
References
Anderson, K. M. (2012). How Far Have We Come in Reducing Health Disparities?: Progress
Since 2000: Workshop Summary. New York: National Academies Press.
Gordon, J. M., Lorilla, J. D., & Lehman, C. A. (2012). The role of the clinical nurse specialist in
the future of health care in the United States. Perioperative Nursing Clinics, 7(3), 343-
353.
Kristensen, N., Nymann, C., & Konradsen, H. (2015). Implementing research results in clinical
practice-the experiences of healthcare professionals. BMC health services
research, 16(1), 48. Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper.
Sullivan, M., Kiovsky, R. D., Mason, D. J., Hill, C. D., & Dukes, C. (2015). Interprofessional
collaboration and education. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 115(3), 47-54.
Titler, M. G. (2008). The evidence for evidence-based practice implementation. Patient Safety
and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses.
Ulrich, C. M., Taylor, C., Soeken, K., O’Donnell, P., Farrar, A., Danis, M., & Grady, C. (2010).
Everyday ethics: ethical issues and stress in nursing practice. Journal of advanced
nursing, 66(11), 2510-2519. Professional Capstone and Practicum Reflective Journal – Essay Assignment Paper
