May 30, | nursing, med, NURS, Paper
Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay
Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay
My personal research interest is the improvement of mental health care for juveniles within the justice system. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI, 2019), a majority of the population within the juvenile justice system suffers from mental illness. NAMI explains that most of these mental health disorders are not appropriately addressed and recidivism rates are high (NAMI, 2019). Additional research data is indicated to determine the reasons for the system’s failure to assist in the treatment of these mental health disorders. Research is also indicated in order to investigate potential solutions to this problem. Juvenile delinquents with mental illness comprise an incredibly vulnerable population, and this population’s protection is a multifaceted challenge that advanced practice nurses may be able to help ensure. Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay
BUY A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE
Mental health care in the juvenile setting is an important issue with a substantial public health impact. According to a case study described by Burriss, Breland-Noble, Webster, and Soto (2011), an adolescent male suffering from bipolar disorder was repeatedly court ordered to be placed in a detention facility from which he continued to run away. After approximately one year, during which the juvenile committed other crimes, his mental illness was diagnosed. The adolescent began participating in a Juvenile Mental Health Court, where he was mandated to receive outpatient treatment and made great advances in his education and interpersonal relationships. This case study indicates that screening for mental health in juvenile detention settings is in need of improvement. It is probable that the continued criminal activity of the subject in the case study was related to the impulsivity of the manic state of bipolar disorder. Without a treatment for the disorder, behavior change is extremely difficult. The case also indicates that traditional detention may not be as effective as outpatient court-based approaches for the rehabilitation of mentally ill juveniles. Psychiatric nurses may be able to help with the creation and coordination of Juvenile Mental Health Courts (Burriss et al., 2011). According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA, 2019), in the state of Florida, there is no Juvenile Mental Health Court. Therefore, the expansion of Juvenile Mental Health Courts indicates a possible means for nurses to become involved in the improvement of mental health treatment in the juvenile justice system.
However, for many children and adolescents, rehabilitation involving an outpatient Juvenile Mental Health Court may not be possible, and they may spend significant time in traditional detention settings. As I have observed in the clinical setting, children with mental illness benefit from empathetic interactions in a therapeutic milieu setting. I have shadowed in the Summer Treatment Program at the Nova South Eastern University Center for Children and Families, a day treatment program designed for children with ADHD and other behavioral disorders. Throughout the day, positive behavior is reinforced by empathetic staff members. All staff members go through a rigorous training and are supervised by Masters level counselors or Clinical Psychologists. By the end of treatment, even the most disruptive children exhibit behavioral improvements from participating in this positive environment. However, mentally ill children in a juvenile detention center are monitored by prison staff who lack training regarding mental illness. Melnikov, Elyan-Antar, Schor, Kigli-Shemesh, and Kagan (2017) created a workshop designed to decrease the stigma of mental illness among prison staff. This workshop was shown to be successful in decreasing the stigma of mental illness, leading to more positive interactions between staff and prisoners (Melnikov et al., 2017). While this study was not conducted in a juvenile setting, it illuminates the potential positive impact of such a program. According to NAMI (2019), children in detention centers are four times more likely to commit suicide than children outside of the justice system. This statistic indicates that this vulnerable population is in great need of quality mental health care, and at a minimum requires empathetic staff members who will not worsen their conditions. Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay.
In addition to workshops that may improve prison staff perspectives regarding mental illness, other interventions may benefit incarcerated youth. Winters and Beerbower (2017) describe mindfulness meditation as a possible therapy for these vulnerable individuals who have likely been exposed to trauma that may impact developmental processes. Mindfulness is a potential means of preventing future participation in criminal activity and facilitating brain development (Winters & Beerbower, 2017). Additional research is indicated to explore this potential for a simple, cost-effective intervention that could improve mental health treatment within juvenile detention facilities or in outpatient court coordinated mental health programs.
In conclusion, several children and adolescents within the justice system suffer from mental illness. While in detention facilities, individuals with mental health disorders may go untreated or even undiagnosed, likely contributing to increased rates of suicide. Furthermore, the cause of many criminal acts may be tied to mental health disorders, and to not offer appropriate treatment is to criminalize mental illness and criminalize those vulnerable populations who are unable to access mental health services. Nurses and advanced practice nurses can research various interventions in order to make positive changes for this population. For example, nurses can investigate and implement improved mental health screening processes in the justice system. Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay. In addition, nurses can be involved in increased planning, research, and advocacy surrounding the use of Juvenile Mental Health Courts. Advanced practice nurses can implement workshops for staff members to decrease stigma and increase understanding of mental health disorders, and they can initiate mindfulness treatment for incarcerated juveniles.
References
Burriss, F. A., Breland-Noble, A. M., Webster, J. L., & Soto, J. A. (2011). Juvenile mental health courts for adjudicated youth: role implications for child and adolescent psychiatric mental health nurses. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 24, 114-121. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2011.00276.x
Melnikov, S., Elyan-Antar, T., Schor, R., Kigli-Shemesh, R., & Kagan, I. (2017). Nurses teaching prison officers: A workshop to reduce the stigmatization of prison inmates with mental illness. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 53, 251-258. doi: 10.1111/ppc.12165
National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2019). Juvenile justice. Retrieved August 30, 2019, from https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental-Health-Public-Policy/Juvenile-Justice. Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2019). Juvenile mental health treatment court locator. Retrieved August 30, 2019, from https://www.samhsa.gov/gains-center/mental-health-treatment-court-locator/juveniles.
Winters, D. E., & Beerbower, E. (2017). Mindfulness and meditation as an adjunctive treatment for adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system: Is repairing the brain and nervous system possible? Social Work in Health Care, 56:7, 615-635. doi: 10.1080/00981389.2017.1316341 Mental Health in the Juvenile Justice System Essay
May 30, | nursing, med, NURS, Paper
Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V
Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.
Case Study Healing and Autonomy
Details:
Write a 1,200-1,500 word analysis of “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy.” In light of the readings, be sure to address the following questions:
ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE
Under the Christian narrative and Christian vision, what sorts of issues are most pressing in this case study? Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.
Should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James?
According to the Christian narrative and the discussion of the issues of treatment refusal, patient autonomy, and organ donation in the topic readings, how might one analyze this case?
According to the topic readings and lecture, how ought the Christian think about sickness and health? What should Mike as a Christian do? How should he reason about trusting God and treating James Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V?
Prepare this Case Study Healing and Autonomy assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This Case Study Healing and Autonomy assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this Case Study Healing and Autonomy assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.
PHI 413V Week 5 Assignment
Religious View of Euthanasia
Details:
The practice of health care providers at all levels brings you into contact with people from a variety of faiths. This calls for knowledge and acceptance of a diversity of faith expressions.
The purpose of this paper is to complete a comparative ethical analysis of George’s situation and decision from the perspective of two worldviews or religions: Christianity and a second religion of your choosing. For the second faith, choose a faith that is unfamiliar to you. Examples of faiths to choose from include Sikh, Baha’i, Buddhism, Shintoism, etc. Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.
In your comparative analysis, address all of the worldview questions in detail for Christianity and your selected faith. Refer to Chapter 2 of Called to Care for the list of questions. Once you have outlined the worldview of each religion, begin your ethical analysis from each perspective.
In a minimum of 1,500-2,000 words, provide an ethical analysis based upon the different belief systems, reinforcing major themes with insights gained from your research, and answering the following questions based on the research:
How would each religion interpret the nature of George’s malady and suffering? Is there a “why” to his disease and suffering? (i.e., is there a reason for why George is ill, beyond the reality of physical malady?)
In George’s analysis of his own life, how would each religion think about the value of his life as a person, and value of his life with ALS?
What sorts of values and considerations would each religion focus on in deliberating about whether or not George should opt for euthanasia?
Given the above, what options would be morally justified under each religion for George and why? Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.
Finally, present and defend your own view.
Support your position by referencing at least three academic resources (preferably from the GCU Library) in addition to the course readings, lectures, the Bible, and the textbooks for each religion. Each religion must have a primary source included. A total of six references are required according to the specifications listed above. Incorporate the research into your writing in an appropriate, scholarly manner.
Prepare this Religious View of Euthanasia assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.
This Religious View of Euthanasia assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this Religious View of Euthanasia assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Topic 3 Discussion 1
Principalism, especially in the context of bioethics in the United States, has often been critiqued for raising the principle of autonomy to the highest place, such that it trumps all other principles or values. How would you rank the importance of each of the four principles? How do you believe they would be ordered in the context of the Christian biblical narrative? Refer to the lecture and topic readings in your response. Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.
Topic 3 Discussion 2
What do the four parts of the Christian Biblical Narrative (i.e., creation, fall, redemption, and restoration) say about the nature of God and of reality in relation to the reality of sickness and disease? From where would one find comfort and hope in the light of illness according to this narrative? Explain in detail each part of the narrative above and analyze the implications.
Topic 5 Discussion 1
What is your definition of “spiritual care?” How does it differ or accord with the description given in the topic readings? Explain.
Topic 5 Discussion 2
When it comes to facilitating spiritual care for patients with worldviews different from your own, what are your strengths and weaknesses? If you were the patient, who would have the final say in terms of ethical decision-making and intervention in the event of a difficult situation? Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.
Case Study: Healing and Autonomy
Mike and Joanne are the parents of James and Samuel, identical twins born 8 years ago. James is currently suffering from acute glomerulonephritis, kidney failure. James was originally brought into the hospital for complications associated with a strep throat infection. The spread of the A streptococcus infection led to the subsequent kidney failure. James’s condition was acute enough to warrant immediate treatment. Usually cases of acute glomerulonephritis caused by strep infection tend to improve on their own or with an antibiotic. However, James also had elevated blood pressure and enough fluid buildup that required temporary dialysis to relieve. The attending physician suggested immediate dialysis. After some time of discussion with Joanne, Mike informs the physician that they are going to forego the dialysis and place their faith in God. Mike and Joanne had been moved by a sermon their pastor had given a week ago, and also had witnessed a close friend regain mobility when she was prayed over at a healing service after a serious stroke Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V. They thought it more prudent to take James immediately to a faith healing service instead of putting James through multiple rounds of dialysis. Yet, Mike and Joanne agreed to return to the hospital after the faith healing services later in the week, and in hopes that James would be healed by then. Two days later the family returned and was forced to place James on dialysis, as his condition had deteriorated. Mike felt perplexed and tormented by his decision to not treat James earlier. Had he not enough faith? Was God punishing him or James? To make matters worse, James’s kidneys had deteriorated such that his dialysis was now not a temporary matter and was in need of a kidney transplant. Crushed and desperate, Mike and Joanne immediately offered to donate one of their own kidneys to James, but they were not compatible donors. Over the next few weeks, amidst daily rounds of dialysis, some of their close friends and church members also offered to donate a kidney to James. However, none of them were tissue matches. James’s nephrologist called to schedule a private appointment with Mike and Joanne. James was stable, given the regular dialysis, but would require a kidney transplant within the year. Given the desperate situation, the nephrologist informed Mike and Joanne of a donor that was an ideal tissue match, but as of yet had not been considered—James’s brother Samuel. Mike vacillates and struggles to decide whether he should have his other son Samuel lose a kidney or perhaps wait for God to do a miracle this time around. Perhaps this is where the real testing of his faith will come in? Mike reasons, “This time around it is a matter of life and death. What could require greater faith than that?” Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.
Applying the Four Principles: Case Study
Part 1: Chart (60 points)
Medical Indications
Beneficence and Nonmaleficence
Patient Preferences
Autonomy
· James is in end stage kidney failure and needs a kidney donor to save his life. Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V
· The problem started from an acute illness that became chronic and eventually critical from lack of hemodialysis during the time James’s parents refused treatment for him.
· The illness started from a strep throat infection that led to acute glomerulonephritis complicated by hypertension and fluid retention requiring immediate dialysis. The delay on James receiving the dialysis led to kidney failure requiring him to need a transplant. His prognosis is fatal if he does not find a donor kidney.
· The only treatment option is for James to have dialysis while he waits for a donor kidney.
· James’s twin brother is a match and would be a compatible donor if James’s parents give consent instead of relying on their Christian faith in god to heal James.
· The physician was clear with James parents of the necessity of the dialysis treatments to be started immediately but I am not sure if he explained thoroughly enough the risks and seriousness of delaying treatment even for a few days.
· The physician respected the principle of autonomy when he allowed James’s parents to take him to a faith healer instead of following his medical recommendations.
· The parents used the principle of autonomy and used their faith instead of medicine to treat their son.
· As James is a minor and cannot make his own medical decisions, his parents have the responsibility to do what is best to care for him and also have the right to respect their faith.
Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V
Quality of Life
Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy
Contextual Features
Justice and Fairness
· James has a greatly reduced quality of life since the delay of treatment has led to him needing permanent dialysis and a kidney transplant.
· James’s brother Samuel could donate one of his kidneys if the parents’ consent. While this could save his brother’s life it could cause him medical issues later in life and give him a reduced quality of life.
· Samuel is also a minor and it is up to his parents to decide if he will be giving James one of his kidneys.
· The whole family will suffer greatly if James does not receive the transplant and dies. Mike, the father, is already struggling with the fact that his faith was not strong enough to save his son and is unsure if he just didn’t pray hard enough or believe strongly enough in god. Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.
· James has no voice in his medical decisions because of his age. His parents have full medical authority. In my opinion, no justice was gained by his parents denying him the necessary medical treatments to take him to a faith healer instead.
· Samuel is in the same situation as his brother and cannot make any medical decisions for himself. I do not think it just or fair if he has to grow up without his twin knowing that he could have saved James’s life.
· The parents do have autonomy in making decisions based on the recommendations of the doctors or praying for a miracle and risking James’s life in the process. They are conflicted because they want to use beneficence and do what is best for both of their children while still relying on their faith in god to heal but are unsure what is the right decision to make.
· The physicians want to heal James medically (Nonmaleficence) but know that they have to respect the autonomy of the parents.
Part 2: Evaluation
Based on this case study, I feel that the most pressing principle should be beneficence as James’s parents focus should be on what the doctors are advising them on the seriousness of his medical condition and the risks of foregoing or delaying treatment. The parents however seem to be more focused on the principle of autonomy and their choice to ignore the doctors and rely on their faith instead. Obviously, Mike and Joanne love their children and are not willfully causing them harm, but their delay of treatment caused James’s condition to become critical and could now harm Samuel also if he has to undergo surgery and live the rest of his life with one kidney which could be at risk of failing at some point in his life. I feel that while Mike and Joanne want to be beneficient, their decisions ultimately caused malificience and a lack of justice to both boys Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V.
I feel that in based on the Christian worldview the most important principle is beneficence.
“For Christians, beneficence is a basic duty, but Christian ethics goes beyond the moral rule of beneficence which is required of everyone at all times. Because it comes within the command to “love your neighbour as yourself’ (Matt. 22:39; Mark 12:31; Luke 10:2528), beneficence, wherever possible, includes benevolence (or goodwill). Jesus taught as a characteristic feature of the values of the kingdom of God not only doing what is required by law but doing more out of love: going also “the second mile” (Matt. 5:41).” (World Council of Churches, 1970, para. 39).
Closely following beneficence would be nonmaleficence as they go hand in hand, to do good is to do no harm. The principles of justice and autonomy are also very important and would follow beneficence and nonmaleficence.
References:
World Council of Churches. (1970). Chapter four: Ethical perspectives.
Retrieved from https://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/ehaia/world-council-of-churches-statements-and-studies/1997-facing-aids-the-challenge-the-churches-response/chapter-4-ethical-perspectiveshttps://www.oikoumene.org/en/resources/documents/wcc-programmes/justice-diakonia-and-responsibility-for-creation/ehaia/world-council-of-churches-statements-and-studies/1997-facing-aids-the-challenge-the-churches-response/chapter-4-ethical-perspectives
Lawrence, D. (2007). The Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics: A Foundation for Current
Bioethical Debate. Journal of Chiropractic Humanities. Retrieved from
https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=105887311&site=ehost-live&scope=site Healing and Autonomy Case Study Essay Assignment – PHI 413V
