Tanner Bailey Pain Management shadow health Subjective ddata

May 30, | nursing, med, NURS, Paper

Tanner Bailey Pain Management shadow health Subjective ddata

Subjective Data Collection: 25 of 25 (100.0%)

Hover To Reveal…

Hover over the Patient Data items below to reveal important information, including Pro Tips and Example Questions.

Found:
Indicates an item that you found.

Available:
Indicates an item that is available to be found.

Category

Scored Items
Experts selected these topics as essential components of a strong, thorough interview with this patient.

Patient Data
Not Scored
A combination of open and closed questions will yield better patient data. The following details are facts of the patient’s case.

Chief Complaint

Finding:
Established chief complaint and reason for admittance

Finding:
Reports chronic lower back pain resulting from work injury
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s chief complaint establishes any illnesses or concerns they are presenting. Asking about the chief complaint will allow the patient to voice any concerns or symptoms the patient may have.
Example Question:
What is your chief complaint?

Finding:
Reports wanting a prescription for opioids
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s chief complaint establishes any illnesses or concerns they are presenting. Asking about the chief complaint will allow the patient to voice any concerns or symptoms the patient may have.
Example Question:
What is your chief complaint?

History of Present Illness

Finding:
Asked about onset of injury

Finding:
Reports sustaining injury thirteen weeks ago
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
When did the pain start?

Finding:
Reports injury occurred after lifting a heavy box
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
When did the pain start?

Finding:
Reports pain onset immediately after injury
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
When did the pain start?

Finding:
Reports being driven to hospital immediately after injury
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
Did you go to the hospital?

Finding:
Followed up on hospitalization

Finding:
Reports hospital exams could not diagnose the type of back injury
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
What did the hospital diagnose you with?

Finding:
Reports hospital prescribed ibuprofen
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
Did the hospital prescribe you anything?

Finding:
Reports being told at the hospital to attend physical therapy
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
Did the hospital recommend anything?

Finding:
Asked about frequency, duration, and timing of pain

Finding:
Reports back injury and pain have not healed since onset
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
Have your pain levels changed since your injury?

Finding:
Reports pain fluctuates in and out throughout the day at irregular intervals
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
When does the pain occur?

Finding:
Asked about additional symptoms of injury

Finding:
Denies additional symptoms
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
What other symptoms do you have?

Finding:
Asked about aggravating factors of pain

Finding:
Reports exertion such as walking, bending, or lifting aggravate pain
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
Does exertion make your pain worse?

Finding:
Reports at-home physical therapy exercises aggravated pain, discouraging attendence of physical therapy
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
Does exercise make your pain worse?

Finding:
Asked about nonmedicational treatment and relieving factors of pain

Finding:
Reports drinking alcohol relieves pain
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
Does drinking alcohol relieve your pain?

Finding:
Reports shifting positions when sitting or lying down can slightly relieve pain
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
Does shifting positions relieve your pain?

Finding:
Reports resting slightly relieves pain
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
Does resting relieve your pain?

Finding:
Denies trying heat or ice packs
(Available)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
Have you tried heat packs?

Finding:
Asked about characteristics of pain

Finding:
Descibes pain as usually sharp and burning
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
What is the pain like?

Finding:
Describes pain as occasionally tingling
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
What is the pain like?

Finding:
Asked about severity of pain

Finding:
Reports sometimes pain is not present or low, or 0-2
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
How much pain are you in?

Finding:
Reports sometimes pain is moderate to severe, or 4-7
(Found)
Pro Tip: Asking a patient about the length of their current health issues solicits information relevant to the history of their present illness. Details of their current complaint will help you follow-up on any present conditions or symptoms, such as the location of their pain or the amount of pain they may be experiencing.
Example Question:
How much pain are you in?

Past Medical History

Finding:
Asked about other existing health conditions

Finding:
Denies other health problems
(Found)
Pro Tip: Inquiring into the patient’s relevant history can reveal past diagnoses and previous conditions or concerns. Information about the patient’s existing health conditions, a timeline of diagnosis, symptoms, and allergies can indicate where you should follow-up for further care and treatment.
Example Question:
What other health problems do you have?

Finding:
Asked about history of mental health

Finding:
Denies mental health disorders
(Found)
Pro Tip: Inquiring into the patient’s relevant history can reveal past diagnoses and previous conditions or concerns. Information about the patient’s existing health conditions, a timeline of diagnosis, symptoms, and allergies can indicate where you should follow-up for further care and treatment.
Example Question:
Do you have a history of psychiatric illness?

Finding:
Asked about allergies

Finding:
Denies allergies
(Found)
Pro Tip: Inquiring into the patient’s relevant history can reveal past diagnoses and previous conditions or concerns. Information about the patient’s existing health conditions, a timeline of diagnosis, symptoms, and allergies can indicate where you should follow-up for further care and treatment.
Example Question:
Do you have any allergies?

Family Medical History

Finding:
Asked about relevant family medical history

Finding:
Reports mother has depression and is an alcoholic
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s family medical history can indicate if the patient is at a higher risk for certain illnesses and disorders. Gathering this information can contextualize a patient’s current complaint and how their family’s health history might be influencing it.
Example Question:
Can you tell me about your family history?

Home Medications

Finding:
Asked about gender-affirming medications

Finding:
Reports currently taking testosterone enanthate for gender-affirmation therapy
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
Are you currently taking testosterone?

Finding:
Asked about home medications for injury

Finding:
Reports previously taking ibuprofen for back pain
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
Do you take ibuprofen?

Finding:
Reports previously taking opioid analgesics for back pain
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
Do you take opioids?

Finding:
Followed up on testosterone therapy

Finding:
Reports testosterone is in injection form
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
What form is your testosterone in?

Finding:
Reports dosage is 100 milligrams per week
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
What dosage is your testosterone?

Finding:
Reports having taken testosterone for two years
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
How long have you taken testosterone?

Finding:
Reports most recent dose of testosterone was yesterday
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
When was your last dose of testosterone?

Finding:
Followed up on ibuprofen

Finding:
Reports buying over-the-counter ibuprofen to avoid the hassle of filling a prescription
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
Did you fill your prescription?

Finding:
Reports having taken two 200 milligram ibuprofen pills at a time
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
How much ibuprofen did you take?

Finding:
Reports having taken ibuprofen every four hours
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
How often did you take ibuprofen?

Finding:
Reports ibuprofen was ineffective as an analgesic
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
Did ibuprofen help the pain?

Finding:
Followed up on opioid analgesic

Finding:
Reports having been given opioids leftover from his friend’s surgery
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
Where did you obtain opioids?

Finding:
Reports the opioids were a combination of 325 milligrams acetaminophen and 5 milligrams hydrocodone
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
What dose of opioids did you take?

Finding:
Reports having taken the opioids twice daily, morning and night
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
How often did you take the opioids?

Finding:
Reports the opioids were effective as an analgesic
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
Did opioids help the pain?

Finding:
Denies being dependent on opioids
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
Are you dependent on opioids?

Finding:
Asked about medication timeline

Finding:
Reports having started ibuprofen 13 weeks ago just after hospitalization and stopping 11 weeks ago
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
What period of time did you take ibuprofen?

Finding:
Reports stopping ibuprofen 11 weeks ago to more safely use alcohol as a stronger analgesic
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
When did you stop taking ibuprofen?

Finding:
Reports stopping alcohol use 1 week ago to more safely use opioids as a stronger analgesic
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
When did you stop drinking alcohol?

Finding:
Reports having taken the opioids for a week until running out this morning
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
What period of time did you take the opioids?

Finding:
Asked about medication regimen adherence

Finding:
Denies missing doses
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s home medications can provide insight into the patient’s current treatment and its effacacy. Inquiring into medication history, dosage, and frequency will help you understand the patient’s background and how it may affect their current situation.
Example Question:
Do you miss doses of your medication?

Social History

Finding:
Asked about income level

Finding:
Reports steady but low income as a theatre director
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
What level of income do you make?

Finding:
Asked about gender identity

Finding:
Reports transgender (female to male) identity
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
What gender do you identify as?

Finding:
Reports wearing a chest binder to masculinize appearance
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
What do you do to masculizine your appearance?

Finding:
Asked about substance use

Finding:
Reports using alcohol
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
Do you drink alcohol?

Finding:
Denies using illicit drugs
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
Have you ever used illicit substances?

Finding:
Denies using nicotine or tobacco
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
Have you ever used nicotine products?

Finding:
Followed up on alcohol use

Finding:
Reports increasing alcohol use for its slight efficacy as an analgesic
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
How often did you drink alcohol before your injury?

Finding:
Reports drinking 1-2 servings of alcohol a month before injury
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
How often did you drink alcohol before your injury?

Finding:
Reports now drinking 3 servings of alcohol a day
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
How many servings of alcohol do you have a day?

Finding:
Reports spreading alcohol servings throughout the day
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
When in the day do you drink?

Finding:
Denies adverse effects of alcohol
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
Do you have adverse effects from alcohol use?

Finding:
Denies dependency on alcohol
(Available)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
Are you dependent on alcohol?

Finding:
Asked about intoxication during risky activities

Finding:
Denies intoxication during risky activities
(Found)
Pro Tip: A patient’s social history encompasses their family and support system, living situation, and daily behaviors such as diet, exercise, sexual activity, and substance use. These factors can influence their current health and wellness. Asking about a patient’s social history can also unveil the influence of their present illnesses in their social lives.
Example Question:
Has your alcohol consumption endangered you?

Comments

Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) Vs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs)

May 30, | nursing, med, NURS, Paper

Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) Vs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs)
Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) Vs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs)
Discuss the differences and similarities between Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) vs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs). Given the current health care environment, provide a solid speculation to how MCOs and ACOs may transform to meet the needs of its consumers. Be sure to support your thoughts and analysis with scholarly sources.
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Student Sumetria
The differences and similarities between Managed Care Organizations (MCO) and Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) will be explained below.
The MCO is a group of medical providers and facilities that provide care to its members at a reduced cost. Many MCO’s require the patient to have a primary care provider. The ACO is a group of medical providers and medical facilities that work together to provider collaborative care to its members. The ACO doesn’t require the member to have a primary care provider. Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) Vs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).  The providers work together voluntarily to provider care as a medical team for the patient. The different specialties work with each other to treat the patient with continuity of care. The information is shared so that all the providers that are treating the patient are aware of the medications, tests, hospital visits, and treatment the patient has currently and the past treatments. The providers that are part of the MCO’s don’t work as a team to provider collaborative care to the patients. They don’t strive to work together to treat the patient with the team approach like providers in the ACO’s strive for. The MCO groups can share information if it is requested. The focus is not continuity of care.  Some providers send their notes to the referring provider as a courtesy.  The ACO’s are still changing to become better.  The MCO’s and ACO’s may transform and merge into one entity to meet the needs of consumers. They both are similar enough to the point where I think they can be combined with the best interest of the consumer in mind. I believe that we can take the best features from both of them. Considering the current health care environment , continuity of care is important. This is the best way to treat the patient with the best possible outcome. Having the providers work together as a team avoids having the patient take medications that interact, repeating the same tests, and other wasteful or harmful medical practice. This approach can also reduce the cost of medical care. The cost of medical care is constantly increasing and I think this is a way to reduce the cost of medical care. This will help control wasteful spending. Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) Vs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
“Managed Care.” MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 25 Sept. 2017, medlineplus.gov/managedcare.html.
 
“What Is an ACO? Definitive Guide: Accountable Care Organizations.” Health Catalyst, Health Catalyst, 24 Oct. 2017, www.healthcatalyst.com/what-is-an-ACO-definitive-guide-accountable-care-organizations.
 
Student 2 Kpanbu
Health care spending is the biggest drive for formulating the different kinds of payment systems in healthcare. Health care insurance enrollees may obtain care from various Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) or Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs). Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) Vs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
Managed Care Organizations (MCOs): is a group of people working together to manage the cost of health care.  MCOs work along with medical facilities and health care providers to render support to MCO patients. MCOs only pays for the care provided and its plan is not as flexible as ACOs. MCOs give incentives to physicians like the ACOs. There are four types of MCOs: Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), Preferred Provider Organization (PPO), Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO), and Point-of-Service Plan (POS).  According to (Andrews, 2014), HMOs only pay within network health care and insurers need a referral to seek care from a specialist or else the services provider will not be covered. For PPOs, care is covered both in and out of the network, however; the patient pays a higher premium for out of network care.  In EPO, care is not covered outside of the network, nevertheless; patients do not require referral to get seen by a specialist.  In POS, plan varies between HMOs and PPOs, and insurers may seek out of network care but with a higher cost-sharing rate. PPO and HMO both have Medicare options.
Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs): is a number of individuals that consist of health care providers and health care settings, collectively working together to accomplish the goal of improving optimum quality of health care. This network of people may include physicians, surgeons, pharmacists, doctors, nurses, healthcare assistants, caregivers, lab specialists, psychiatrists, mental health professionals, rehabilitation workers, other healthcare specialties and hospitals. This group of people collaboratively work together to coordinate patient care to obtain maximum care for clients and the group “accepts joint responsibility for health care spending and quality for a defined population of patients” (Song, 2014).  According to Song (2014), the three key characteristics of the ACO are: “joint accountability,” accountability for both quality of care and health care spending, and the ACO is responsible for the care of a population of people.” In the ACO plan patients have more freedom to choose the type of care within a restricted time period.  ACO provides a variety of payment structures and incentives to health care providers and hospitals primarily focusing on quality of care and financial risks to hospitals and physicians. ACO reward health care providers for the quality of care provided to patients, while eliminating irrelevant spending. ACOs do not focus on profit, but the quality of care while MCOs focus on profit. Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) Vs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
References:
Andrews, M. (2014). What’s the best health plan for you? HMO, PPO, EPO or POS? Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/whats-the-best-health-plan-for-you-hmo-ppo-epo-or-pos/2014/08/25/772f96a8-27c1-11e4-958c-268a320a60ce_story.html?utm_term=.51bd23ba540e
Humana. (n.d.). HMO vs. PPO: Which one is right for you? Retrieved from https://www.humana.com/all-products/understanding-insurance/hmo-vs-ppo
Song, Z. (2014). Accountable Care Organizations in the U.S. Health Care System. J Clin Outcomes Manag. 2014 Aug 1; 21(8): 364–371. Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) Vs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
 
 
 
Student 3 T
 
An MCO is a type of health care system that links health insurance with care delivery for a defined population. An MCO delivers health care through a network of providers, determines the prices for services, coordinates care, and manages appropriate use of health care services. According to the National Accountable Care Organization Summit (n.d.), ACOs are provider collaborations that support the integration of groups of physicians, hospitals, and other providers in different ways around the opportunity to receive additional payments by achieving continually advancing patient-focused quality targets and demonstrating real reductions in overall spending growth for their defined patient population. According to Shortell, Casalino, and Fisher (2010), there are at least five different types of practice arrangements that could serve as ACOs: the integrated or organized delivery system, multispecialty group practices, physician-hospital organizations, independent practice associations, and “virtual” physician organizations. The Accountable Care Model (ACO), the health care providers develop and drive the models’ respective agendas (McWilliams et al., 2016). Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) Vs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
Given the similarities seen between MCOs and ACOs it is clear that MCOs have a more monopoly set up on their delivery method of care; while ACOs allows for free movement outside or within their integrated networks. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (2015) states that participation in ACO is voluntary. This implies that the patient consumers have the freedom to select the Primary Care Physician of their choice, the hospitals they want and their favorable specialist. Given the current healthcare environment over time MCOs and ACOs can evolve into more organized networks of practices that will actively engage in practice redesign, quality improvement initiatives, and implementation of much more innovate technologies moving forward, for example one of their noteworthy success has been the implementation of electronic health records. The Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are now giving doctors and physicians real time secure access to patients records to better assist them across both MCO and ACO networks alike, saving time, money and creating more vital time providing much needed focused patient care.
Reference
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2015). Accountable care organizations (ACO). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www. cms. gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/ACO/index. html.
National Accountable Care Organization Summit. (n.d.). What is an ACO? Retrieved from http://www.acosummit.com/past2011/overview.html
Shortell, S. M., Casalino, L. P. & Fisher. E. S. (2010). How the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation Should Test Accountable Care Organizations. Health Affairs, 29 (7), 1293-1298. Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) Vs. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).